The expanse is home to large populations of elephants, many of which are protected in individual zones. These trees do not shed their leaves in the dry season a characteristic also exhibited by some forests in India. Dominant tree communities in the area are Chloroxylon sweitenia, Vitex altissima, and Manilkara hexandra. It is characterized by evergreen forests and thorny scrubs spread in a flat land. This ecoregion is classified in the Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests Biome. Ecological reserves in the area include Horton Plains National Park, Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, and Hakgala Strict Nature Reserve. The forests have always been threatened due to mining, deforestation, and plantations. Numerous birds, amphibians, and reptiles also live in the region. The Sri Lanka Leopard and five rodents are listed as endangered species. The region is home to 5 complete endemic and eight near-endemic mammals including the Asian Highland screw, the Dusky Palm squirrel, and the Purple-faced langur. Floral communities are mainly Dipterocarpus montane forests and savanna montane forests.įauna in the area exhibit higher levels of endemism than those in the lowlands. The rainfall in the region falls between 2,500 and 5,000 millimeters annually. The forests are concentrated in the northeastern part of the Knuckles Mountain Range and the Central Massif. The region encompasses montane and submontane moist forests rising to over 1000 meters above sea level. The Sri Lanka Montane Forests are classified in the Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests biome. Efforts to curb this environmental degradation include the Sinharaja Forest Reserve and the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary. The area has been under threat due to human activities such as poaching, deforestation, and plantations. A substantial part of the fauna is listed as endangered. The region is home to the highest amphibian density in the world such as numerous frog species and over 200 species of reptiles. The region is home to a variety of bird species including the White-throated Flowerpecker and the Green-billed Coucal which are endemic to the area. The region is home to the endemic mammal, the jungle shrew. Mammals found here include Asian elephants, the Sri Lanka Leopard, Indian hares, and the Rusty-spotted cat. There are 306 tree species of trees and 60% of these are endemic to the region. The Flora of the region is dominated by two families namely Dipterocarpus and Mesua-Shorea. Different animals and plants are specially adapted to the conditions of the forests. Years of physical isolation of the Island led to the development of a unique ecology in the Island. This ecoregion is home to a rich and diverse flora and fauna. Temperatures range between 27 to 30 degrees Celsius throughout the year. The area enjoys even rainfall throughout the year, and its climate is mostly warm and wet. The forests in this region rise to almost 1,000 meters above sea level. The Sri Lanka Lowland Rainforests ecoregion is classified in the Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests Biome. The ecological regions of Sri Lanka, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature are discussed below. Some of its flora and fauna are unique to its ecosystem. Although the country is forested it has a diverse and unique ecology due to years of isolation. Sri Lanka is an island nation, and the region receives widely variable precipitation patterns.
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